With "wood" routers the guide rails are often visible from the outside & unprotected, while stone routers are fully covered. Routing CNC is more like grinding than cutting.īecause stone dust is very abrasive, these routers also have much better protection for the guide rails(bellow cover). For wood CNC-ing, bits with sharp cutting edges are used, while for Stone CNC-ing, the bits are made of a metal bar with a sintered layer of extremely hard but roughly shaped particles. There is bit call as diamond tools with different diameter 4mm,6mm,8mm mainly used. Wood, metal and stone require different “bits” or “inserts”. It is one of the most commonly used processes in industry and machine shops today for machining parts to precise sizes and shapes.Ī stone CNC router is a type of CNC router machine designed for marble, granite, artificial stone, tombstone, ceramic tiles, glass machining, polishing for arts and crafts, etc. It covers a wide variety of operations and machines, on scales from small individual parts to large, heavy-duty gang milling operations. Milling is the machining process of using rotary cutters to remove material from a workpiece advancing (or feeding) in a direction at an angle with the axis of the tool. Some popular extrusion used are MakerSlide, V-Slot linear rail, and 8020 T-Slotted profile. Many CNC routers today are made of aluminum extrusion which provide great flexibility as this can be shipped from almost anywhere unassembled but also provides size options. Common industrial CNC router sizes include 4 × 8 feet and 5 × 10 feet.
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Many manufacturers offer A and B axis for full 5-axis capabilities and rotary 4th axis. CNC routers are typically available in 3-axis and 5-axis CNC formats. In addition, CNC routers may have accessories such as vacuum pumps, with grid table tops or t-slot hold down fixtures to hold the parts in place for cutting. CNC routers are used in sign shops, cabinet making, aerospace and boat-making.Īlthough there are many configurations, most CNC routers have a few specific parts: a dedicated CNC controller, one or more spindle motors, servo motors or stepper motors, servo amplifiers, AC inverter frequency drives, linear guides, ball screws and a workspace bed or table.
"desktop”, to large industrial routers manufactured for commercial use. The illustration shows what a bare-bones CNC machine might look like without its computer controller.ĬNC routers come in many configurations, from small home-style D.I.Y.
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The machine begins to cut the design.ĬAM software makes the CAD drawing/design into a code called G-code. The operator moves the bit up a few inches and selects the run G-code function. The operator determines the center point of the part, clamps the part onto the table, moves the bit directly above the marked center and down to the face of the part, and marks this as the starting point.
For cut path, most machines give the options of tracing the vectors, cutting outside the vectors, or cutting inside the vectors. The human operator selects the machine tool (such as a 1⁄ 4-inch (6-MM) v-bit or a 3⁄ 4-inch core box bit), speed, cut depth and tool path. A vector file can be created from a picture file by using a drawing (CAD) software. On some controllers the G-code can be loaded as a vector file on the router control panel.
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As with CNC milling machines, CNC routers can be controlled directly by manual programming, but CAD/CAM allows wider possibilities for contouring, speeding up the programming process and in some cases creating programs whose manual programming would be impractical. CNC router are often used with two software applications-one to make designs ( CAD) and another to translate those designs into a G-code or M-code program of instructions for the machine ( CAM) in vertical, horizontal and perpendicular coordinates. Coordinates are uploaded into the machine controller from a separate program. CNC routers can help ensure part repeatability and sufficiently efficient output for production, or allow one-off designs to be made.ĬNC routers are controlled by a computer. In addition, they see use in industry in the thermoforming of plastics by automating the trimming process. A CNC router can be used to produce items such as door carvings, interior and exterior decorations, wood panels, sign boards, wooden frames, moldings, musical instruments, furniture.
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